An acoustic study of vocal expression in two genres of Yoruba oral poetry

Samuel K. Akinbo^1*, Olanrewaju Samuel², Iyabode B. Alaga² and Olawale J. Akingbade²

• ¹Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Canada
• ²Department of Linguistics and African Languages, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

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In the published article, there was an error. the vocal expression in African oral traditions have mostly been analyzed without the instruments of phonetic science.A correction has been made to Introduction, Paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated:"the vocal expression in African oral traditions have mostly been analyzed without the instruments of phonetic science"The corrected sentence appears below:"the vocal expressions in African oral traditions have mostly been analyzed without the instruments of phonetic science"The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
In the published article, there was an error. a triply long vowel [ooo] at the end of the first poetic line is a recurrent characteristics of È sà.A correction has been made to Basic description of Ìjálá and Ẹ̀ sà, Paragraph 5. This sentence previously stated:"a triply long vowel [ooo] at the end of the first poetic line is a recurrent characteristics of È sà"The corrected sentence appears below:"a triply long vowel [ooo] at the end of the first poetic line is a recurrent characteristic of È sà"The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
In the published article, there was an error. The renditions of the poem in speech mode and Ìjálá mode.A correction has been made to Methodology, Stimuli, participant and procedure, Paragraph 3. This sentence previously stated:"The renditions of the poem in speech mode and Ìjálá mode"The corrected sentence appears below:"The renditions of the poem in speech and poetic modes"Frontiers in Communication PAGE \* Arabic \* MERGEFORMAT 3The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
In the published article, there was an error. To make each vibrato vocalization at least 3 s long, each of the vibrato vowel were tripled by itself. It is from the tripled form that we extracted vibrato rate.A correction has been made to Methodology, Stimuli, participant and procedure, Paragraph 4. This sentence previously stated:"To make each vibrato vocalization at least 3 s long, each of the vibrato vowel were tripled by itself. It is from the tripled form that we extracted vibrato rate."The corrected sentence appears below:"To make each vibrato vocalization at least 3 second long, each of the vibrato vowels was sextupled by itself. It is from the sextupled form that we extracted vibrato rate."The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
In the published article, there was an error. The values of F1 increases in loud and effortful speech and verbal arts, but the values of F2 is not consistent under the same condition.A correction has been made to Methodology, Formant frequencies, Paragraph 1. This sentence previously stated:"The values of F1 increases in loud and effortful speech and verbal arts, but the values of F2 is not consistent under the same condition"The corrected sentence appears below:"The values of F1 increase in loud and effortful speech and verbal arts, but the values of F2 are not consistent under the same condition"The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.Frontiers in Communication PAGE \* Arabic \* MERGEFORMAT 3
In the published article, there was an error. the random effect is each iteration of the poems in all modes.A correction has been made to Methodology, Statistical analysis, Paragraph 1. This sentence previously stated:"the random effect is each iteration of the poems in all modes"The corrected sentence appears below:"the random effect is the iterations of the poem in all modes"The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
In the published article, there was an error. The syllable that were consistently targeted for vibrato in each iteration of the poem contains the sequence [ba], but the syllables with the vowel [ɪ, ɛ] were variably vocalized with vibrato.A correction has been made to Results, Paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated:"The syllable that were consistently targeted for vibrato in each iteration of the poem contains the sequence [ba], but the syllables with the vowel [ɪ, ɛ] were variably vocalized with vibrato."The corrected sentence appears below:"The syllables that were consistently targeted for vibrato in each iteration of the poem contain the sequence [ba], but the syllables with the vowels [i, ɛ] were variably vocalized with vibrato."The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.