A Ética do Realismo como uma Nova Linguagem de Mídia em mídia imersiva

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2022.1.43375

Palavras-chave:

Não ficção. Imersão. Realismo. Ética. Práticas.

Resumo

Este trabalho questiona os limites éticos e morais da prática do realismo na não ficção imersiva. Para estabelecer essas práticas, o ecossistema midiático de não ficção é analisado das formas imersivas tradicionais às emergentes. São discutidas quatro formas significativas de obras narrativas de não ficção que refletem diferentes éticas do realismo: documentário, jornalismo, educação e patrimônio cultural. Através da descrição e apresentação de cada formato, apresenta-se um conjunto provisório de elementos, variáveis, indicadores e parâmetros que impactam as práticas e a ética do realismo. Esses elementos composicionais podem ser implementados na concepção, desenvolvimento e produção de experiências para públicos que respeitem as realidades sociais, culturais, políticas, físicas e materiais.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Joshua A. Fisher, Ball State University (BSU), Muncie, Indiana, USA.

Ph.D. in Digital Media from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Assistant Professor of Emerging Media at the Center of Emerging Media Design and Development at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, USA. 

Arnau Gifreu Castells, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

Doctor en Comunicación y Master en Artes Digitales (UPF). Profesor acreditado por ANECA y AQU (España). Ha sido investigador afiliado del Open Documentary Lab (MIT, 2013-2018) y es miembro de la organización i-Docs (University of the West of England). Profesor de la ERAM-Universidad de Girona. Autor de artículos y de libros sobre la no ficción interactiva, transmedia e inmersiva.

Referências

BARNOUW, Eric. El documental. Historia y estilo. Barcelona: Gedisa, 1996.

BRANCH, John. Augmented Reality: Four of the Best Olympians, as You’ve Never Seen Them. The New York Times, New York, Feb. 5, 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/05/sports/olympics/ar-augmented-reality-olympic-athletes-ul.html. Accessed on: Mar. 5, 2022.

BYE, Kent. #977: “The Changing Same:” Volumetric Storytelling Innovations, Connecting the Past to the Present with the Cycles of Racial Terror. In: Voices in VR. [S. l.], Feb. 18, 2021. Available at: https://voicesofvr.com/977-the-changing-same-volumetric-storytelling-innovations-connecting-the-past-to-the-present-with-the-cycles-of-racial-terror. Accessed on: Mar. 5, 2022.

CANTAVE, Glenn; BREWSTER, Idris; MILNER, Micah; MAZE, Jasmine; HO, V; FAN, Angela; ROMERO, Carissa. Movers and shakers. In: Shakers. [S. l.], 2017. Available at: https://www.shakers.tech. Accessed on: Mar. 5, 2022.

CATALÀ, Josep Maria. La forma de lo real. Introducción a los estudios visuales. Barcelona: Editorial UOC, 2008.

COBO-DURAN, Sergio. Estructuras narrativas en nonfiction. FRAME: revista de cine de la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Comunicación, Sevilla, n. 6, p. 219-242, 2010.

COCK, Alejandro. Retóricas del cine de ficción postvérité. Ampliación de las fronteras discursivas audiovisuales para un espíritu de época complejo. 2009. Thesis [Doctoral Thesis] – Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 2009.

DE LA PEÑA, Nonny; WEIL, Peggy; LLOBERA, Joan; SPANLANG, Bernhard; FRIEDMAN Doron; SANCHEZ-VIVES; Maria V.; SLATER, Mel. Immersive journalism: immersive virtual reality for the first-person experience of news. Presence, [S. l.], v. 19, n. 4, p. 291-301, 2010.

ENGBERG, Maria; BOLTER, Jay David. The aesthetics of reality media. Journal of Visual Culture, [S. l.], v. 19, n. 1, p. 81-95, 2020.

FISHER, Joshua A.; SCHOEMANN, Sarah. Toward an ethics of interactive storytelling at dark tourism sites in virtual reality. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE DIGITAL STORYTELLING. Proceedings […]. Dublin, Ireland: Springer International Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2018. p. 577-590.

GREEN, David Philip; ROSE, Mandy; BEVAN, Chris; FARMER, Harry; CATER, Kirsten; STANTON FRASER, Danae. ‘You wouldn’t get that from watching TV!’: Exploring audience responses to virtual reality nonfiction in the home. Convergence, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 3, p. 805-829, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856520979966.

GRENIER, Émily. F.; DRURY, David.; POIRIER, Stèphane. Parliament: The Virtual Experience. Canada: Library of Parliament, National Film Board of Canada, Dpt, 2021. Available at: https://lop.parl.ca/sites/Learn/default/en_CA/VR. Accessed on: Apr. 4, 2022.

KABHA, Robin. Ethical Challenges of Digital Immersive and VR. Journal of Content, Community & Communication, [S. l.], v. 9, p. 41-49, 2019. ISSN: 2395-7514. https://doi.org/10.31620/JCCC.06.19/07.

KOOL, Hollis. The Ethics of Immersive Journalism: Arhetorical analysis of news storytelling with virtual reality technology. Intersect: The Stanford Journal of Science, Technology, and Society, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 3, p. 1-11, 2016. https://ojs.stanford.edu/ojs/index.php/intersect/article/view/871/863.

MERAN BARSAM, Richard. Nonfiction Film: a Critical History. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1992.

MILGRAM, Paul; KISHINO, Fumio. A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Toronto, v. 12, n. 77, p. 1321-1329, 1994.

MURRAY, Janet H. Virtual/reality: how to tell the difference. Journal of Visual Culture, [S. l.], v. 19, n. 1, p. 11-27, 2020.

NANOOK of the North. Produced by Robert Flaherty. United States, 1922. Cinematographic Documentary (78 min), 35 mm, black and white, silent.

NASH, Kate. Virtual reality witness: exploring the ethics of mediated presence. Studies in documentary film, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 2, p. 119-131, 2018.

NICHOLS, B. Introduction to documentary. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2001.

NICHOLS, B. Blurred Boundaries. Question of meaning in contemporary culture. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1994.

PAVLIK, John. Journalism in the Age of Virtual Reality. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019.

RENOV, Michael. Theorizing Documentary. New York: Routledge, 1993.

ROBERTSON, Adi. The New York Times puts Olympic athletes in augmented reality. The Verge, [S. l.], Feb. 6, 2018. https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/6/16979510/new-york-times-app-augmented-reality-ios-winter-olympics-2018.

RUTTMAN, Walter. Berlin: Symphonie der Grosstadt [Cinematographic Documentary], 1927.

SÁNCHEZ LAWS, Ana Luisa; UTNE, Tormod. Ethics guidelines for immersive journalism. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 28, 2019.

SLATER, Mel; GONZALEZ-LIENCRES, Cristina; HAGGARD, Patrick; VINKERS, Charlotte; GREGORY-CLARKE, Rebecca; JELLEY, Steve; WATSON, Zillah; BREEN, Graham; SCHWARZ, Raz; STEPTOE, William; SZOSTAK, Dalila; HALAN, Shivashankar; FOX, Deborah; SILVER, Jeremy. The Ethics of Realism in Virtual and Augmented Reality. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, [S. l.], v. 1, 3 Mar. [2020]. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2020.00001.

THE CHANGING Same. In: Scatter. [S. l.], 2021. Available at: https://www.scatter.nyc/productions/the-changing-same. Accessed on: Mar. 5, 2022.

USKALI, Turo; GYNNILD, Astrid; JONES, Sarah; SIRKKUNEN, Esa. Immersive Journalism as Storytelling. Ethics, Production, and Design. New York: Routledge, 2021. ISBN 978036771330.

MAN with a Movie Camera. Produced by Dziga Vertov. Sovient Union, 1929. Cinematographic Documentary (68 min), 35 mm, black and white, silent.

A PROPÓS de Nice. Produced by Jean Video. France, 1930. Cinematographic Documentary (25 min), 35 mm, black and white, silent.

WEINRICHTER, Antonio. Desvíos de lo real. El cine de no ficción. Madrid: T&B Editores, 2004.

Downloads

Publicado

2022-07-13

Como Citar

Fisher, J. A., & Gifreu Castells, A. (2022). A Ética do Realismo como uma Nova Linguagem de Mídia em mídia imersiva. Revista FAMECOS, 29(1), e43375. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2022.1.43375

Edição

Seção

DOSSIÊ - MUDANÇAS TECNOLÓGICAS & CULTURAIS NA ERA DIGITAL