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"Gerret von Nordheim"
The Watchdogs Network: A model for continuous monitoring of AVMSD rules
The Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) overhaul in 2018 includes video sharing platform services (VSPs) which provide content in an automated way including user-generated content (UGC). This change is tantamount to a paradigm shift as these multi-sided platforms differ starkly from the actors that had previously been regulated under the AVMSD. The AVMSD seems to have answered the question what kind of rules we need. However problems of implementation and application will not become apparent until later and only then will it become clear which of the VSPs’ measures are truly expedient and appropriate. To know which rules are precise enough to provide legal certainty while also dynamic enough to adapt to technological developments we need permanent monitoring processes – as described in our governance cycle. The prerequisite for permanent monitoring processes is fair and transparent data accesses the design of which is also a fundamental challenge as we will explain by the house of data access. Continuous monitoring processes are complex procedures involving many layers of competence. But they are also opportunities to timely catch and quickly correct misdevelopments. By implementing the two-step watchdog model in a bigger network undesirable developments can be recognized at an earlier stage because watchdogs are strengthened as information purveyors.
Young, free and biased: A comparison of mainstream and right-wing media coverage of the 2015–16 refugee crisis in German newspapers
Right-wing media have been growing in terms of readership and impact in recent years. However comparative analyses that gauge linkages between mainstream and right-wing media in Europe are virtually missing. We pursued an algorithm-based topic-modelling analysis of 11420 articles concerning the question of whether reporting of the leading German right-wing newspaper Junge Freiheit differed from that of mainstream media outlets in the context of the refugee crisis of 2015–16. The results strongly support this notion. They show a clear-cut dichotomy with mainstream media on one side and Junge Freiheit on the other. A time lag could be found pointing to a reporting pattern that positioned Junge Freiheit relative to the journalistic and political mainstream. Thus Junge Freiheit can be characterised as a ‘reactive’ alternative media outlet that is prone to populism: it stresses the national dimension of the crisis embraces the positions of the right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) and largely neglects complex international and particularly European implications.